Qualified Medication Aides (QMA) Practice Exam

Which of the following methods can transmit HIV?

1. Inhaling contaminated air

2. Sexual intercourse

3. Touching infected surfaces

4. Drinking infected water

The correct answer is: Sexual intercourse

Sexual intercourse is a primary route of HIV transmission. The virus, which is present in the bodily fluids of an infected person, can be transmitted through vaginal, anal, or oral sex without adequate protection. This method of transmission occurs because the virus can enter the body through mucous membranes found in the genital area or rectum. Additionally, during sexual activities, particularly anal intercourse, the risk is heightened due to the potential for micro-tears in the tissue, which facilitate the entry of the virus. In contrast, inhaling contaminated air, touching infected surfaces, and drinking infected water do not transmit HIV. The virus does not survive long outside the human body, meaning it cannot be spread through air or surface contact. Furthermore, water does not provide a conducive environment for the virus to remain active, making drinking infected water a non-risk pathway for transmission. Understanding the specific mechanisms of HIV transmission is crucial for effective prevention and education.